I'm thinking it's a set that you can play a lot of different games with...using 1-2 sets of cards and 5 regular dice.
Like these.
Presentation Box W 2 decks of club special cards & set 0f 5 Dice C.O.G.C.NWOT | eBay
I'm also guessing, that someone changed one of the regular 5 dice with a standard 'doubling cube' (the one with 2, 4, 8, 16, 32 and 64 on it) from backgammon.
Will be interested to see if someone knows
for sure...what it is.