It's easy to understand. The costs are always passed on to the consumer. But that's the real goal. To make Chinese products more expensive for the consumer so they'll try to source their products elsewhere.
To say China pays nothing is not really true. They will pay in lost sales if people can find their products from someone else cheaper. Whether we can actually find our products elsewhere is the catch right now. But even if the manufacturing doesn't come back to the U.S., Vietnam, Malaysia, Singapore, et al, are more than happy to step into the marketplace. If we add enough cost to Chinese manufactured goods to make the other countries competitive production will shift.