This whole issue is incredibly complex. There is no one root cause that if solved would correct the discrimination experienced by minorities. Until Americans can get past the issue that minorities, and particularly blacks, are sub-human, we'll never make sufficient progress towards "all men (and women) are created equal."
To close, I ran across an op-ed penned a few days ago by Kareem Abdul-Jabbar for the LA Times. It scratches the surface but provides a perspective worth considering.
George Floyd protests: People are pushed to the edge - Los Angeles Times