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Originally Posted by Two Bills
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B cell antibodies are only part of the story. There is a robust T-cell response in a significant number of people. In fact studies have shown that prior exposure to certain coronavirus colds has led to very robust t-cell response. It is this mechanism which is most likely the explanation behind "asymptomatic" cases. These cases really probably aren't cases at all. They are positive tests. The reason behind the positive test is that Tcells like macrophages and killer tcells are destroying the virus and what the PCR test is detecting is viral debris.
Pre-symptomatic cases need to be differentiated from asymptomatic. Pre-symptomatic simply means you're not exhibiting symptoms of covid-19 yet. Asymptomatic means you probably never got the disease, you simply have the sars-cov-2 virus present in your system, even if just viral debris. Killer t-cells, inject perforin into cells infected with virus, causing them to swell, eventually they pop and bits and piece float around until housekeeping clears it out. Macrophages are like the blob of your immune system, surround a cell completely and dissolving it. There are more tcells, but both of these cells leave PCR test detectable bits of virus floating around for a while.