Not sure about the 2 vaccines mentioned in the thread, but a friend of mine here in the UK is participating in the Oxford/Astra Zeneca trial.
He had blood taken before the first injection along with nasal and throat swabs.
He has had to provide swabs each week.
Before second jab he had to give blood again.
He will give a further blood sample before he completes the trial. (He may have done that now as I haven’t seen him for a few weeks due to the national lockdown here in UK.)
There is ongoing study to see how long protection lasts.
This trial either uses the real vaccine or the one for measles as the placebo.
They apparently look for antibodies in the blood.
Hope that helps.
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