Automation is just a kind of programming. Typically it is used to control other programs.
BTW Stream Deck is a popular, specialized, keyboard add-on for running automation from buttons, sort of like making a custom keyboard . Notation Central has Stream Deck presets for Musescore. I haven't used them but the ones they have for Sibelius are really good.
You can use Stream Deck automations for MIDI too. It sounds like you are pretty familiar with MIDI so you might find that helpful too. There are a bunch of articles on how to do this but there is a link to one below.
Notation Express Stream Deck Profile for Musescore - Notation Central
Amazon.com
Make your own Elgato Stream Deck. This post outlines how to make a… | by InternetJohnny | Medium