My understanding of how the big bang theory came about is this: Scientists can observe the universe expanding or moving outward. And if you were to picture or plot everything moving in reverse, everything would come together in what they call a "singularity".
In other words, picture ball bearings being propelled outward from a central location, as if by some explosion. At first there are no spaces between them. Then as they begin to move outward the spaces between the bearings begin to increase. If you could film them in slow motion and then reverse the film, you would see them come back together.
If you could do the same with the universe, it may be that everything would come together in one location. Then we know the greater the mass of an object, the greater the greater the pull of gravity. Perhaps, by using mathmatics, they figure that gravity would be so strong as to collapse everything into a very small singularity.
What do you think? Did I get it right? If I did get it right, it's good as a theory and I suppose it's how science is supposed to work.
I haven't had a chance to read all the links so there may have been an explanation better than what I gave above.
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