When I lived in an exclusive home community of about a thousand houses a few years ago, the HOA there issued each household two fobs that one could attach to one's keyring. They were about the size of two quarters stacked one upon the other, but were more postage-stamp in shape.
One simply held them up to a sensor along the mag-lock gate doors to access the community pool or the private beach access.
If one lost the fob or it was stolen, you went to the office, paid your $25 and got a replacement. They went into "the system" immediately and deactivated the lost fob. When you sold your house or moved out, your fobs were deactivated and the new residents were issued two new fobs when the new residents went into the office to get their access fobs. IIRC, they had to bring an escrow settlement statement of some such document, but it was fairly easy to "Redfin" the address to see the date the most recent escrow closed to verify the house had new ownership.
Same happened if you rented your place out. Every time you got a new tenant, you had to go and obtain their fobs for them. Usually the fee for fobs was part of the initial rent cost. Then the previous tenant's fobs were deactivated.
Worked pretty well. Tougher to do with short term rentals unless the owner left their own fob(s) and replaced if they disappeared with the renter. Of course, when they did that, the short-term renter's fob would get deactivated, thereby lessening the attraction of stealing it for their own personal future use.
Fob holders were, of course, always discouraged from holding the gates open for people coming along behind them. Unless you knew them personally as neighbors, family members, or whatever.
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